Supply Chain of Cheese Production Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain of Cheese Production. Answer: Supply Chain of Cheese in Dairy Industry Australia is one of the best-known countries in the world for dairy farming. A dairy industry, which started at a low rate in the 1978, has grown tremendously due to improved technology and machinery (Nettle, Brightling Hope 2013). Initially, fresh milk was the only produced product from the Australian dairy firms. The demand has been shifting from fresh milk to improved milk products like cheese, yogurt, butter, powder milk and many others. This paper discusses supply chain for cheese which was once a high selling product, but its sale has reduced. Cheese is a fresh or matured daily product that is obtained by draining of whey after the coagulation of casein the major milk protein (Nettle, Brightling Hope 2013). Supply Chain for Cheese The supply chain for cheese production is between two actors that is milk producers and the industries. Initially, before cheese production came up, whey used to be taken as a waste and given to animal as a feed (Nettle, Brightling Hope 2013). Today many industries are using this whey as a material for cheese production. The supply chain starts within the dairy farms, whereby milk from cows gets to the storage tanks available in the farm via pipes. The introduction of this technology has helped farmers to save time in milking and thus increasing productivity and efficiency. The milk is kept in the tanks that are regulated to temperatures of not more than 40 degrees and should not also stay in the tanks for more than 48 hours (Nettle, Brightling Hope 2013). From the farm, tanker trucks pick up the tanks and transport them to the processing industries. The milk has to be tested to be bacteria free and if it is well chilled. When these two factors are tested and found satisfactory, the milk proceeds for processing. The milk then undergoes acidification and coagulation to produce curds and whey that are cut into pieces, salted and allowed to ripen. Ripening is the last before the packaging and finally the distribution to various market stores for sale (Nettle, Brightling Hope 2013). Within this supply chain, there are several stakeholders and members who have key roles in which they play to ensure maximum productivity. The entire network entity of different stakeholders should work either dependently or independently to ensure satisfaction of same consumers (Gualarandris et al. 2015). The following is a list of stakeholders or members within a supply chain and the role they play to ensure customer satisfaction (Gualarandris et al. 2015). Stakeholder Role played Vendors (dairy farmers). They supply the raw material needed; these are dairy farms. Producers( Processors) They convert the raw material into final products. They carry out the entire processing of the product. Creditors They are able to lend loans to the farmers and the manufacturing company, thus ensuring a swift flow of the business. Distribution centres They help deliver the product to the retailers, the product is supplied to them, and now retailers can pick there at wholesale prices. Retailers They make product available to the final consumers at various estate shops or even supermarkets Consumers They are final users of the products, without consumers then the whole chain is non-profitable. The current supply chain for cheese production is efficient as it helps to ensure maximum satisfaction to the final user. As from the chain, it is evident that the chain is not only limited to the internal organization of the company, but also to external and even to the consumers. Feedbacks are able to be handed in from the consumers through the various members and finally to the company, making it very effective. Challenges, Strengths, and Threats for of the Supply Chain The supply chain for the production of cheese just like any other daily product's supply chain has a lot of challenges. First, there is a problem with legislative. Milk is a product that is subject to temperature and cleanliness testing, and the conditions are increasingly becoming tough from the legislatures (Yue et al. 2014). This makes the supply chain be complex. Secondly, ensuring that the milk moves rapidly from the farms to the processing companies is usually a complicated undertaking. This is because most of this transportation is done by trucks which may then end delaying causing damage to milk which usually has a high risk of spoilage and expiration. Thirdly, most farmers are usually affected with low production during some seasons; this makes it hard for the production of cheese as it strongly depends on milk as the raw material. Apart from these challenges, the supply chain has some advantages. To mention few of them, the supply chain is able to optimise general performan ce, minimise on wastes and costs, ensures effective visibility and transparency (Yue et al. 2014). Recommendations for Improvement of the Current Supply Chain The current supply chain for cheese production is effective although there some adjustments that have to be made to make it more efficient. The adjustments to be made on it are important as they will help the supply chain give maximum satisfaction to the consumers. Introduce mandatory pricing which will help enhance the transparency of the product price from the company to the distributors and finally to consumers (Lyn Tseng 2016). A forum for communication has to be created which will help the company get feedbacks from the final consumers of the products. Assessment needs to be incorporated in the chain to facilitate any improvement that has to be made on the product (Lyn Tseng 2016). The assessment will be done by an effective flow of information from the consumers, buyers, and sellers of the products at different destinations of supply. Companies should also incorporate in their supply chain an appropriate way of handling farmers and their supply. This will help ensure a consta nt flow of the raw materials. The advantages that are associated with supply chain can be leveraged to ensure maximum productivity. For instance, the supply chain is able to effectively increase the transparency and visibility in every sector. From the procurement to the processing and to pricing will help facilitate smooth flow and satisfaction to the consumers (Yue et al. 2014). Waste and losses are mostly experienced during production and even distribution, proper supply chain and implementation of the above recommendations will help in reduction of the losses. Challenges that are faced by these supply chain has to be addressed as well; for instance, insufficient supply of raw materials can be solved by the company engaging themselves to support farmers. Companies should be able to facilitate loans to farmers and proper education on the productivity of the raw materials. Transportation services for the delivering of raw materials together with the final product have to be improved; this will reduce the transportation cost and thus increasing the profit margin. Companies should be well prepared to follow the legislative rules that are set for them. Failure to do this may lead to the total closure of the companies and thus great loss (Yue et al. 2014). The company needs to develop ways in which they can handle the threats. For instance, threats that are associated with the supply chain for cheese are competitors and single sourcing of some companies. Competition is real, and so every company has to work to ensure that it produces a product that can stand out the competitors. Different suppliers need to be engaged to help solve the shortage problems. Conclusion A supply chain is an important tool in the production industries. It gives the direction in which production has to take place, from the supply of the raw material to processing, distribution and finally consumption by the consumers. References Gualandris, J., Klassen, R.D., Vachon, S. and Kalchschmidt, M., 2015. Sustainable evaluation and verification in supply chains: Aligning and leveraging accountability to stakeholders. Journal of Operations Management, 38, pp.1-13. Lin, Y.H., and Tseng, M.L., 2016. Assessing the competitive priorities within sustainable supply chain management under uncertainty. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, pp.2133-2144. Nettle, R., Brightling, P., and Hope, A., 2013. How program teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 19(3), pp.271-290. Yue, D., You, F. and Snyder, S.W., 2014. Biomass-to-bioenergy and biofuel supply chain optimization: overview, key issues, and challenges. Computers Chemical Engineering, 66, pp.36-56.

Multicultural Experience For Collective - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multicultural Experience For Collective Creativity? Answer: Introducation This essay introduces the vast range of organizational behaviors encountered while working in the company. A workplace is one of the most culturally diverse environment as it consists of individuals from different cultural background along with unique behaviors and preferences. Due to this vast diversity at the workplace, challenges in terms of communication, productivity and motivation are frequently encountered. Therefore, this essay reflects the overview of the different organizational behaviors along with analyzing the reasons. The essay includes the use of motivational theories to analyze the organizational behaviors and its application in enhancing the work performance of the employees within the organization. As commented by Ang Van Dyne (2015), an organization or workplace is the most culturally diverse environment, as it comprises of individuals with different backgrounds, preferences and working style. While working as a team, I have identified various behavioral problems within the organization. According to Rice (2015), organizational stress is one of the significant issue encountered while working as a team. From week 3, I have learned that organizational stress can rise due to preferences in the working style and varying mindsets. This is because another might not prefer the working style of one employee. On the other hand, stress might arise due to the conflict between the managers and employees. According to me, stress leads to the negative working environment that lowers the productivity of the organizations. As the employees are stressed, they are unable to emphasize on the goals and objectives of the organizations. I feel stress can lead to burnout of employees. According to me, stress develops negative mentality within the employees thereby, hampering the productivity. As a result, the employees develop lack of commitment and dedication issues towards their work. I think stress leads to poor performance thereby, hampering the overall organizational performance. According to the week 3 module, I ascertain that stress leads to organizational behavioral problems that hamper the characteristics of the employees. According to me, stress hampers the time management quality of the employees. As the employees are already stressed, they lose their ability to manage time and complete the work within time. Therefore, the performance and the motivation of the employee are hampered. Additionally, stress results in shifting of the focus for the employees. As the employees are stressed, they are unable to focus on the goals and objectives and plan accordingly to complete the task successfully. I have learned that stress hampers the ability of the individuals to remem ber things that they already know and implement it while working. Due to stress, employees are easily distracted and vulnerable to make costly, harmful and fatal mistakes on the job. As mentioned by Elias, Smith Barney (2012), behavioral changes lead to increase in the employee turnover thereby, affecting the financial aspect of the organizations. I have learned that behavioral changes lead to lack of commitment for the employees. As the employees lack dedication and commitment towards their work, the organizational performance is hampered and the organization is unable to achieve the goals. Therefore, the business organizations need to recruit new individuals with greater work dedication and commitment. As a result, the employee turnover of the company will increase thereby, wasting the resources of the company. According to Andersen, Nielsen Brinkmann (2012), behavioral issues are also noticed due to lack of motivation. I have learned that lack of motivation results in the lack of dedication, accurate guidance and ability to achieve goals. According to me, lack of motivation also results in low commitment within the employees thereby, affecting the overall organizational performance. I have also learned that inappropriate motivation results in low performance from the employees. As a result, overall dip in the organizational performance is noticed. Behavioral problems are often encountered within the organization due to team works. A team is composed of culturally diverse individuals (Erez et al., 2013). This is because different individuals within the team might have different preferences in terms of working style, beliefs, and cultural background. Therefore, I have learned that preferences among the individuals lead to conflicts within the group. Conflicts within the group result in building a negative working environment and hampers the relationship between the team members (Tadmor et al., 2012). As a result, the team fails in achieving the goals and objectives and the overall performance of the employees and organizations are hampered. Due to conflicts between the team members, the individuals might not prefer a cross-cultural working environment. From the module, I have learned that cross-cultural working environment results in lack of intention among the team members to perform better. From the various organizational beha vioral issues, I have learned that the major cause of organizational behavioral issues is due to lack of motivation within the team (Ramthun Matkin, 2012). Therefore, I suppose, motivation is the key to manage culturally diverse working environment successfully. Motivation is the key manage organizational behavior successfully (Paul, 2012). According to me motivation maintains, controls and energizes the behavioral aspect of the employees within the organization. Therefore, sufficient motivation is essential for maintaining a healthy culture and providing guidance to the team members. According to me, motivation is the internal control of the individuals that activates their behavior thereby, providing direction and goal to the individual behavior. I have learned that motivation helps in achieving the goals of the employees within the team are directed in the right direction and has proper guidance. Motivation is crucial within the cross-cultural working environment, as this helps in establishing a positive working environment. Positive working culture makes the employees more dedicated and enthusiastic towards their work thereby, increasing the overall performance of the organization. According to me, motivation also helps in continuous sel f-development of the employees. As the employees are in continuously learning phase, they tend to make mistakes. I think rectifying the mistakes and motivating them for their contribution, effort, and hard work will enhance their overall performance. As the employees get the continuous scope of learning, development, and motivation, they will tend to remain with the organization. This will eventually decrease the employee turnover of the business organizations thereby, saving their internal and external resources. From the module, I have also learned that motivation helps in increasing the efficiency level of the employees. As a result, increase the productivity occurs by reducing operations cost along with improving the overall efficiency (Manzoor, 2012). From the module, I have already learned that motivation leads to the achievement of organizational goals resulting in best possible utilization of resources, cooperation, work environment and making the employee goal-directed. As mentioned by Li, Tan Teo (2012), leaders provide motivation and help in creating a vision for the employees. The motivation provided by the leaders help the employees in believing in themselves and making the change into reality. Motivation helps the employees to work together as a team by accepting each other along with accepting their individual characteristics. According to me, motivation help individual employees to be patient and having a broad mindset. Due to the open-mindedness gained by the employees, the team faces fewer conflicts. However, in spite of facing conflicts, the employees are also able to resolve the conflict and work together. Because of motivation, a positive and friendly working environment is established that increases the productiv ity of the employees. Therefore, the employee turnover of the organizations decreases enabling effective management of the resources. Motivation is the key force driving the organizational behavior and success (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). The employees feel demotivated due to various reasons such as lack of positive working environment, lack of effective communication between the managers and employees and among the employees along with difficulty in conflict resolution. Lack of motivation is challenging for ensuring and establishing appropriate organizational behavior. The employees put their hard work and effort for the betterment and progress of the organization. As suggested by Chaudhry Javed (2012), the contribution of the employees increases the organizational productivity and performance. As a result, the organizations are able to sustain in the competitive market. At certain instances, the employees get easily demotivated due to the nature of their work. For example, the basic level workers of the manufacturing industry are easily demotivated due to the tedious nature of the work. Therefore, demotivated empl oyees hamper the overall behavior of the organization. As mentioned by Faletar et al., (2016), demotivated employees lacks dedication towards the work and engagement towards the organization. As a result, the employees are unable to enjoy their work. As the workers are unable to enjoy their work, the nature of nature becomes tedious and exhausting for them. Thus, the employees are lack commitment to their respective job role thereby, resulting in lack of employee engagement. Lack of employee engagement increases the rate of absenteeism thereby, creating an inappropriate organizational behavior (Pascual-Ezama, Prelec Dunfield, 2013). As the employees are absent majority of the times, they fail to establish effective communication and relationship with the fellow workers and the managers. I think it is essential to have an effective communication between the managers and the employees and among the employees. This allows the employees to share their issues and challenges with the managers as well as the fellow employees. According to me, it will be easier for the managers to establish positive organizational culture if they are able to resolve the issues and challenges faced by the employees. Thereafter, the employees might also feel motivated if they know that the managers are aware of the issues and challenges and are taking actions to resolve them at the earliest. Another issue is noticed due to lack of motivation is less or no commitment from the employees. If the organizations fail to motivate the employees, they tend to develop non-commitment to the organizational objectives and directives. According to me, lack of motivation hampers the employee engagement towards their job roles and organization (Coleman, Brooks Ewart, 2013). As a result, they show minimal interest, dedication, and enthusiasm towards the work. Thus, the organizational productivity decreases and the overall performance of the organization is hampered. The workplace is one of the most culturally diverse environment as it employs people from different background. The culturally diverse workplace leads to potential conflicts, as each employee have distinct beliefs and personalities. According to me, the individual employees need continuous motivation to work together as a team. Moreover, motivation also helps to resolve the conflicts within the team. Therefore, it can be sai d that motivation is the key for establishing a positive working environment and successful organizational behavior. Maslows theory of motivation is one of the most widely used motivational theories used by business organizations as guidance for motivating the employees. As commented by Maslow (2013), Maslow's theory of motivation highlight the reason behind changing the human needs rather than considering the method of changing human needs. Maslow's theory of motivation consists of five steps in the shape of pyramids including physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. It is necessary that the organization take care of the physical needs of their employees in order to provide them psychological and emotional stability. According to me, the physical needs in terms of air, food, water and clothing needs of the employees to be fulfilled in order to motivate them. If the organizations the employees are working for taking care of the physical needs of their esteemed employees, the employees are eventually motivated. As a result, their dedication, engagement and the urge of working is enhanced thereby, increasing the commitment of the employees towards the organization and their job roles. Along with the physical needs, I think, the level of safety and protection helps in motivating the employees. The level of safety and security dominate the behavior of the employees (Noltemeyer et al., 2012). According to me, personal and financial safety along with health and well-being of the employees are significant for motivating them. Therefore, the organization needs to ensure workplace safety for preventing accidents of the employees along with taking care of the medical and financial factors of the employees. The more the employees are relaxed the more they feel motivated. Therefore, I think the organizations need to abide by the health and safety policies at the workplace. This will help in motivating the employees appropriately thereby, enhancing the employee performance and engagement. According to Latham (2012), the social needs and environment motivate the employees by having a positive impact on the interpersonal relations and feeling of the belongings. I think the relationship with the fellow worker and the managers along with the working environment helps in motivating the employees. Having a close relationship and bonding with the fellow employees allows the employees to have each others back and share the workload. Moreover, the positive relationship among the employees allows them to cover the weakness of the individual employ ees and use their strengths for completion of the tasks. Moreover, positive relationship with the managers also helps in motivating the employees. Because of the positive relationship between the managers and the employees, a level of transparency is established that helps in motivating the employees. As mentioned by Taormina Gao (2013), individuals deserve and expect respect for them both professionally and personally. Respect includes both self-respect and self-esteem. I think the employees deserve respect both from the fellow employees and from the managers. According to me, the employees need to be respected for their effort, contribution and hard work towards the organization. Appropriate respect helps in motivating the employees. This is because the employees feel they are valued possession and asset for the organization. The concept of self-actualization highlights the complete potential of an individual along with realizing the complete potential (Kaur, 2013). According to me, this is the desire and urge within the employees to achieve and accomplish success. I think this is the self-motivation that comes internally from the employees thereby, influencing personal and professional growth. In this essay, it can be concluded that it is essential to have a positive working environment. Lack of positive working environment hampers the employees thereby, hampering the overall performance of the employees. In this essay, I can say that improper organizational behavior results in lack of commitment for the employees towards the organizations. Therefore, motivation is the key factor that determines the successful participation of the employees thereby, enhancing the organizational performance. Motivating the employees appropriately results in building a positive relationship between the managers and the employees as well as among the employees. Thus, the employees are able to cover the potential weaknesses of the fellow employees by their individual strengths. This eventually increases the productivity thereby, enabling the company to sustain in the competitive market. The significance of motivation is described by Maslows theory of motivation. The theory also suggests that t aking care of the basic needs, psychological needs and the self-fulfillment needs of the employees helps in motivating the employees thereby, enhancing their dedication, urge, and performance. References Andersen, M. F., Nielsen, K. M., Brinkmann, S. (2012). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research on return to work among employees with common mental disorders. Scandinavian journal of work, environment health, 93-104. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015). Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds.). (2013). Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. In Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Chaudhry, A. Q., Javed, H. (2012). Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(7). Coleman, M. A., Brooks, T., Ewart, D. (2013). Building critical mass by creating continuous improvement momentum. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 36(2), 17. Elias, S. M., Smith, W. L., Barney, C. E. (2012). Age as a moderator of attitude towards technology in the workplace: Work motivation and overall job satisfaction. Behaviour Information Technology, 31(5), 453-467. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams. Academy of Management Learning Education, 12(3), 330-355. Faletar, J., Jela?i?, D., Sedlia?ikov, M., Jazbec, A., Hajdchov, I. (2016). Motivating employees in a wood processing company before and after restructuring. BioResources, 11(1), 2504-2515. Kaur, A. (2013). Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(10), 1061-1064. Latham, G. P. (2012). Work motivation: History, theory, research, and practice. Sage. Li, Y., Tan, C. H., Teo, H. H. (2012). Leadership characteristics and developers motivation in open source software development. Information Management, 49(5), 257-267. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business management and strategy, 3(1), 1. Maslow, A. H. (2013). Toward a psychology of being. Simon and Schuster. Noltemeyer, A., Bush, K., Patton, J., Bergen, D. (2012). The relationship among deficiency needs and growth needs: An empirical investigation of Maslow's theory. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(9), 1862-1867. Pascual-Ezama, D., Prelec, D., Dunfield, D. (2013). Motivation, money, prestige and cheats. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 93, 367-373. Paul, T. (2012). The impact of age and education on the level of satisfaction and motivation among employees. IUP Journal of Management Research, 11(1), 29. Ramthun, A. J., Matkin, G. S. (2012). Multicultural shared leadership: A conceptual model of shared leadership in culturally diverse teams. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 19(3), 303-314. Rice, M. F. (2015). Diversity and public administration. ME Sharpe. Tadmor, C. T., Satterstrom, P., Jang, S., Polzer, J. T. (2012). Beyond individual creativity: The superadditive benefits of multicultural experience for collective creativity in culturally diverse teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(3), 384-392. Taormina, R. J., Gao, J. H. (2013). Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American journal of psychology, 126(2), 155-177.

Comparison Or Contrast Essay Sample

Comparison Or Contrast Essay SampleWhether you are writing a personal statement, an essay for your college admissions requirements, or a dissertation, the best way to do a good job is to take a comparison or contrast essay. It is not an easy task to write something that so specifically contradicts what has been said about you in an essay. However, when writing this type of essay, it is important to be aware of where and how you write so that it is not overdone.The comparison or contrast essay is designed to compare two or more different things, either in purpose or in the description. For example, if you are writing an essay about a baseball player who 'played tough and hard,' then you can compare this to a woman who 'would sit quietly and listen.' You should emphasize these differences when writing your essay.You can also use a comparison or contrast essay to find similarities or differences between two different individuals. It might be a friend or relative who has written a book a bout their life. In this case, you can use a comparison essay as a way to compare the style of the author to your own style.It is also a good idea to review your essay before it is complete to determine if it is too similar to something else already submitted. Remember that the first draft of an essay may not always be the best one. Reviewing your original essay first can help you fix minor flaws or errors.A comparison essay is not meant to give your reader an idea about what you really are like. You are not trying to impress a reader by describing how awesome you are or bragging about your accomplishments. A successful essay should portray your ideas and beliefs in a positive light, making them seem unique to you and very strong.Another good way to make a compelling essay is to include a person or subject that will appear opposite your essay. For example, if you are writing about a baseball player who 'played tough and hard,' you can include a brief paragraph talking about his frie nd 'who would sit quietly and listen' when describing the first thing that he remembers about her. This is a great way to complement your essay by including a character or subject who is important to you.Always remember that your essay is meant to stand alone. Having someone come in after your essay has been finished is a bad idea. That is why doing your research before you start writing and making sure your essay has a strong thesis statement is important.In conclusion, an example of a comparison or contrast essay is 'Tennis Player On A Boycott,' written by Dr. James McGrath. McGrath is professor of philosophy at Rutgers University and former U.S. Congressional Staffer. This essay was published in the New York Times, and it was later picked up by The Wall Street Journal, ABC News, and many other media outlets.

Budget deficits and the economy

Abstract A budget deficit is a situation whereby an individual or a state spends more than its income. This paper examines the factors that can cause a government to experience a budget deficit. It examines how the budget deficits will influence the economic growth in a country. It examines government trade policies, as well as how they can lead to a budget deficit in a country. There is also a discussion on the budget deficit and its effect on the economic growth in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Deficits and the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction In an economic set up, there is often an exchange of goods and services. Regardless of the economic activity that an individual carries out, s/he will have both income and expenditure. However, a time reaches when one can spend more than he can receive as an income. The same scenario can be seen in state level, whe re the government could spend much more money that it can generate from revenues. A budget deficit occurs when a government has spent more than its financial savings in a given year (Economy Watch, n.d. para.1). It particularly occurs when the government has failed to accurately plan for its expenses. A careful plan will take into consideration the net income that a government has, which can be used in the national budget. This is what can prevent high rates of budget deficit. Why high budget deficits today will reduce the economic growth rate in the future In order to understand the relationship that does occur between the budget deficit and the economic growth of a country, it is important to examine factors that are associated with each of them. Factors that will determine the level of budget deficit recorded include revenues from taxes, the size of the government’s expenditure below which its operations can be paralyzed, and the availability of lending agencies. On the ot her hand, the factors that determine the economic growth rate are the investment that are made in a country by both public and private sector, the human capital that is available, as well as the government policies that have been put in place and their effectiveness. The legislations that determine the openness of an economy for investment, as well as the other micro and macro-economic conditions prevailing in a country also affect economic growth. There is thus a relationship between the economic growth and budget deficit. How they are related is subject to arguments with a few suggesting a positive relationship. However, budget deficit will have negative impact on the economic growth in that will affect the socio-economic conditions and the business environment in a given area. High government budget deficits will impose heavy taxes on the citizens thereby lowering their spirits of investment (Barro, 2008, p360). It will also call for the governments to cut their spending. As a re sult, the salaries and wages of government employees will be reduced leading to reduced incentives to workAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Higher budget deficits will prompt the governments to increase their borrowing especially from the private sector. The central banks will be forced to sell gilts and bonds to the private sector, eventually leading to an accumulation of national debts. The effect is that the tax rates in the future will be raised to meet the required expenditures. This will slow the economic growth. Besides, continued government borrowing from the private sector may lead fading away of the private sector. This is referred to as ‘crowding-out effect’. Cumulative budget deficit results into what we term as Government Debts (Economy Watch, n.d. para.2). This will lead to an increase in the interest rates since the government has to incre ase their rates as a strategy to win more investors. Borrowing money by the small-scale investors will greatly be reduced in reaction to the high interest rates thereby lowering economic growth rate. There will also be a need to review the government fiscal and monetary policies every time a country records such high deficit level. This process will be detrimental to the steady economic growth. Reasons for high budget deficits; how they matter The possible reasons that can make a government spend more than it can produce include low rates of taxes and interest coupled with an increased expenditure. In deed, it does matter a lot to consider these factors. If a budget deficit results from low taxes rates, then it is due the greed that is shown by the â€Å"bequest-constrained individuals† who would wish that the rates were lowered without lowering the expenditures (Chen 2003, p2). The effect is that such a debt will be carried forward to the future generation who will be forced to pay heavy taxes to settle the problems that were caused by their predecessors (Barro 2008, p361). It has also been observed that if an economic growth is expected to increase in the near future, then more of these selfish individuals emerge. However, the chronologies of the deficits that have been experienced in different countries indicate that there is a difference between how the tax rates influence budget deficits in the developed and the developing countries. In the developing countries, it was observed that it was difficult to incorporate the spirit of democracy and the number of greedy individuals was seen to increase after an economic recession (Chen, 2003, p14). Other factors like the wage rates and the number of those who are employed are also important in dealing with the budget deficit. If the current population has a low rate of income in terms of the wages, then it will attempt to bring forward future resources to the present state forcing the future generations to experience tax burden (Chen 2003, p16).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Budget Deficits and the Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, if it is increased expenditure that has led to the budget deficit, then it is important to consider why such an increase should occur when the net income is either decreasing or has remained steady. An increase in government expenditure should be after increased total revenue has been recorded. Political instability can also be a reason that leads to financial deficit in a country, of course due to the effects it will have in developing government policies on trade. The trend that was witnessed in the United States in the 1950s to 1980s followed the wars that were experienced in the period (Executive Office if the president of United States of America, 2009, p12). Thus, these factors are important to be considered. The role of fiscal and monetary policies in determining the level of budget deficit The fiscal and the monetary policies that are imposed by a particular government will influence the economic growth of the country. The rates of tax levied on both the imported and exported commodities and the income tax levied on the employees will determine the total revenue that the government will have. Very low rates of taxes may lead to low revenue collection forcing the government to spend more than it can generate. This will lead to the budget deficit. On the other hand, very heavy taxes on the imported and exported products may demoralize both foreign and domestic investors in a country leading to a poor business environment in the country (Chen 2003, p20). The economic activities through which the government generates their revenues will not be supported thereby leading to low government income. There will little money circulation in the country. The interest rates that are imposed by a country’s central bank will determine th e rate of investment. If too low rates are imposed, the government through the central bank may not be able to raise the revenue that it requires. Conversely, if the interest rates are exceptionally high, then very few investors will be encouraged to borrow from the commercial banks since the high interest rates in the central bank will b translated to these banks. Poor investment means low government revenue and since there is an optimal level of government expenditure, it may be forced to borrow from other sources. Budget deficit level will then be forced to shoot. How the budget deficits affect the long-term economic growth and the debt that US has to contend with The budget deficit in the US has had varying trends in the past three or so decades. It was recorded at a low rate of 1 to 2 percent in the 60s and 70s. The figure increased in the 80s and was lower in the beginning of the 1990s (Barro, 2008, p435). The current situation is yet different from what was seen in the recent past.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The budget deficit in the United States rose rapidly from the figure that was recorded last year. This was caused by an increased spending following the position of the New Years holiday. The budget deficit in the month of January 2011 was recorded at $49.8 billion compared to $42.6 billion that was recorded a year before (Guidice 2011, para.2). There was an increased rate of government expenditure as compared to the gain in the total revenue that was received from the taxes and other sources leading to the increase witnessed in such budget shortfall. The debt that a country has to contend with is affected by the kind of budget deficit that it has. There is a mathematical relationship between the debt that a government can have and the budget deficit that it can experience. The formula for the debt is given as: D= RBt_1 + Gt(r-g) – Tt Where R= real rate of interest Bt-1 = debt of the previous year r= rate of interest g= growth rate Gt=government expenditures, and Tt= tax reve nue (Economy Watch, n.d. Para. 5). The expression Gt(r-g) –Tt defines the budget deficit in a given year. An increase in it will translate to a proportional increase in the debt depending on the debts that were recorded previously. Besides, it has been foreseen that the deficit is set to increase this year and hit a historical figure beyond the $1.4 trillion that was recorded in 2009 (Guidice, 2011, Para. 3). In fact, it is projected to be $1.5 trillion at the end of the year. Quite a number of factors are seen to be the cause of this continued increase in budget deficit. One important factor is the cutting down of taxes levied on the employed group. There has been a move to give emergency benefits to the jobless people as a move to narrow down the gap between the living standards of the employed and the jobless people in the US (Guidice, 2011, Para. 3). The other factor is the agreement that was reached by the current president and the republicans who took control of the hou se business last year and have been in the forefront advocating for spending cuts. Unfortunately, all this moves tend to increase the government expenditure while reducing the revenue that is generated. They will definitely lower the economic growth in the States. The country will definitely be faced with higher debts to accommodate. Conclusion A high budget deficit in a country does have an influence on the growth of an economy, and as such, it needs to be fully addressed. It will affect the investment that the country can make as well as the foreign investment that can be attracted into the country. The kinds of policies that are adopted in an economy are the immediate determinants of the level of foreign and domestic investment that can be applied in an area. It is thus evident that the factors that lead to a country’s budget deficit are actually material in determining the ways of overcoming the financial deficit. References Barro, R. (2008). Macroeconomics: a modern appr oach. OH: Cengage Learning. Web. Chen, D. (2003). Intertemporal Excess Burden, Bequest Motives, and the Budget Deficit. Washington, D.C: World Bank publications. Web. Economy watch. (N.d). Budget Deficit. Web. Executive Office if the president of United States of America. (2009). Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal year 2009. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Web. Guidice, V. (2011). Budget Deficit in U.S. Rose to $49.8 Billion. Web. This research paper on Budget Deficits and the Economy was written and submitted by user Haley U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pc Hardware Servicing Course Structure Essay Example

Pc Hardware Servicing Course Structure Essay Apply Quality Standards |Applying of Quality Standards |Assess quality of received materials. |6 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | |1. . Assess own work. | | | | | | |6 hrs. | | | | |1. 3. Validate one’s work for quality | | | | | |improvement. |8 hrs. | | | | | | | | |Use of Hand Tools |2. Using Hand Tools |2. 1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be |6 hrs. | | | | |undertaken. | | | | | | | | | | |2. 2. Prepare hand tools. | | | | | | |20 hrs. | | | | |2. 3. Use appropriate hand tools and | | | | | |test equipment. |38 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | |2. 4. Maintain hand tools. | | | | | | | | | | | |16 hrs. | | | | | |100 hrs. |Grading Period |Unit of Competency |Module Title |Learning Outcome |Nominal Duration | | | | | | | | |2. We will write a custom essay sample on Pc Hardware Servicing Course Structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pc Hardware Servicing Course Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pc Hardware Servicing Course Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Use of Hand Tools |2. Using Hand Tools |2. 4. Maintain hand tools. |10 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | | | |2nd | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and |3. Terminating and Connecting of|3. 1. Plan and prepare for termination |40 hrs. | |Electronic Circuit |Electrical Wiring and Electronics|or connection of electrical wiring and| | | | |Circuit |electronic circuit. | | | | | |3. 2. Terminate or connect electrical | | | | | |wiring and electronic circuit. |50 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |100 hrs. | |3rd | | | | | | |3. Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring |3. Terminating and Connecting of |3. 2. Terminate and/or connect |18 hrs. | |and Electronic Circuit |Electrical Wiring and Electronics|electrical wiring and electronic | | | | |Circuit |circuit. | | | | | |3. 3. Test termination / connections of| | | | | |electrical wiring and electronic |82 hrs. | | | |circuit | | | | | | |100 hrs. | |Grading Period |U nit of Competency |Module Title |Learning Outcome |Nominal Duration | |4th | | | | | | |3. Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring |3. Terminating and Connecting of |3. 3. Test termination / connections of|10 hrs. | |and Electronic Circuit |Electrical Wiring and Electronics|electrical wiring and electronic | | | | |Circuit |circuit | | | | | | | | | |Install Computer System |Installing of Computer System |4. 1. Plan and prepare for |20 hrs. | | | | |installation. | | | | |4. 2. Install equipment, or devices and|50 hrs | | | | |system. | | | | | |4. 3. Conduct validation and testing. |20 hrs. | | | | | |100 hrs | Year Level |Third Year | |Grading Period |Unit of Competency |Module Title |Learning Outcome |Nominal Duration | |1st | | | | | | |Install Computer Network |Installing of Computer Network |1. 1. Plan and prepare for |40 hrs. | | | | |installation. | | | | | |1. 2. Install quipment/ device/|40 hrs | | | | |system. | | | | | |1. 3. Conduct validation and | | | | | |testing. | | | | | | |20 hrs. | | | | |100 hrs. | | | | | | | |2nd | | | | | | |Diagnose and Troubleshoot Computer System |Diagnosing and Troubleshooting of |2. 1. Formulate plans and |20 hrs. | | |Computer System |prepare for diagnostic | | | | | |procedures for computer | | | | | |systems. | | | | | |2. 2. Identify computer faults | | | | | |and other defects. | | | | | |2. 3. Replace and provide |38 hrs. | | | |remedies for the defective | | | | | |computer parts. | | | | | |2. 4 Test repaired computer | | | | | |system. |20 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |22 hrs. | | | | |100 hrs. | | | | | | | |3rd |3. Configure Computer System and Network |Configuring of Computer System and|3. 1. Arrange plan and prepare |30 hrs. | | | |Network |for configuration task. | | | | |3. 2. Configure the computer | | | | | |system and network. |70 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | | |100 hrs. | | | | | | |4th |3. Configure Computer System and Network |Configuring of Computer System and|3. 2. Configure the computer |66 hrs. | | | |Network |system and network. | | | | | |3. Analyze and try-out | | | | | |configured computer system and | | | | | |network. |34 hrs. | | | | | | | | | | | |100 hrs. | Year Level |Fourth Year | |Grading Period |Unit of Competency |Module Title |Learning Outcome |Nominal Duration | |1st | | | | | | |Maintain Computer System and Network |Maintaining of Computer System |1. 1. Plan and prepare maintenance |100 hrs. | | | |and Network |procedures. | | | | | | | |2nd | | | | | | |Maintain Computer System and Network |Maintaining of Computer System |1. 1. Plan and prepare maintenance |6 hrs. | | | |and Network |procedures. | | | | |1. 2. Maintain computer system and | | | | | |network. | | | | | | |94 hrs. | | | | | | | |3rd | | | | | |Maintain Computer System and Network |Maintaining of Computer System |1. 2. Maintain computer system and |94 hrs. | | | |and Network |network. | | | | | |1. 3 . Inspect and test computer system |6 hrs. | | | |and network. | | |4th | | | | | | |Maintain Computer System and Network |Maintaining of Computer System |1. 3. Inspect and test computer system |100 hrs. | | | |and Network |and network. | |

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College Graduating college early is not for everyone. Most students need the full four years, or even five, to complete their education. But for those who have amassed enough credits and have fulfilled their general education and major requirements, there are some reasons for finishing a semester or even a year early. Here are some of the reasons: Saving Money One of the biggest reasons for graduating in less than four years is to save the cost of tuition and housing. The cost of college can put a grave strain on a family’s finances or rack up future debt for the student. By graduating early a student can ease this economic burden and save tens of thousands of dollars. Getting to the Job Market Sooner In addition to saving on tuition, a student who graduates college early can begin earning early. Instead of spending tuition dollars in what would have been their senior year, early graduates can begin earning an income. Interviewing Off Season   In the fall of senior year, there is a big rush to the job market for students graduating in May and June. Students who finish college early and are ready for the job market in January  may find themselves competing in a less crowded field. Applying to Graduate or Professional School Students finishing their bachelors degrees early who plan to apply to graduate or professional school will have more time to prepare for their entrance exams and complete their applications and any interviews that the process requires. Get a Break Many colleges graduate their students in May or June. Full-time jobs for these students sometimes begin only a few weeks later. By graduating early, students give themselves time for a break, perhaps some travel or time with their families or potentially a useful internship. Once  students enter the job market they may have very little vacation time in their new position and graduating early may give them the last block of free time they will have for perhaps many years. Shorten a Very Long Road For students planning to go on to professional or graduate school, particularly medical school, there are many years of schooling ahead. Graduating early offers a break and chance to do something else for a period of time in what is a very long academic journey. Other Things to Keep in Mind These are all good reasons for graduating college early yet while explaining how their students can graduate early, Duke University offers an alternative view, â€Å"Bear in mind that your college years come at a special time in your life and are a rare opportunity for you to engage so freely and intensely in your development, intellectual and otherwise. Think twice before cutting your Duke career short. As an alternative to graduating early, even if you are eligible to do so, you might think about enriching your experience by taking a semester to travel or study abroad.† Sue Shellenbarger, in an article  about exploring early college graduation for the Wall Street Journal, explains that she regrets her decision to graduate in less than four years and explains, â€Å"I went through undergrad school in three and a half years, and I wish now I had done more extracurricular activities and had a little more fun. Our working lives are decades long, and I constantly tell my own two college students that their university days offer an opportunity for reflection and exploration. The one thing early graduates dont need to worry about missing? The graduation ceremony with their class, Most colleges (and any student considering an early graduation should check with their school) are delighted to have early graduates partake in all of the year-end graduation festivities.

Grassland Biome Facts Essays - Grasslands, Temperate Grasslands

Grassland Biome Facts Essays - Grasslands, Temperate Grasslands Grassland Biome Facts Grassland biomes are made mostly of grasses. They are said to be between a forest and a desert when it comes to rainfall. They do not receive enough rainfall to grow trees like a forest but they contain lots of grass so they receive more rain than a desert. Grasslands are also known as prairies, pampas, steppes, and savannas. Grassland biomes are normally situated between a forest and a desert. In fact, grasslands surround every desert in Asia. Twenty-five percent of the Earth is covered by the grassland biome. There is a grassland biome on each continent with the exception of Antarctica. Tropical grassland biomes are located in the Southern Hemisphere while temperate grassland biomes are located in the Northern Hemisphere. The grasses in the tropical grassland biome tend to be taller than that of the temperate because of the constant warm weather and additional rainfall it receives. Since grassland biomes have rich soil, much of them are used for farming. There is only 2% of the original grassland left in North America.